Prepare a boiling-water canner with a rack; wash 4 pint jars, lids, and rings. Keep jars hot in the canner and set lids in hot (not boiling) water until ready.
Rinse the okra thoroughly and trim stems to 0.5 inch, taking care not to cut into the caps. Into each hot pint jar, add equal portions of the garlic cloves, dill seed, mustard seeds, black peppercorns, and small hot chile peppers, then pack the okra snugly upright, leaving 0.5 inch headspace.
In a saucepan, combine the distilled white vinegar (5% acidity), water, and pickling salt; bring to a boil over medium-high heat, stirring until the salt dissolves, 2β3 minutes.
Immediately ladle the hot brine into the packed jars, maintaining 0.5 inch headspace. Remove air bubbles by running a nonmetallic utensil around the inside of each jar; adjust brine to restore headspace as needed. Wipe rims, apply lids, and screw on rings until fingertip-tight.
Process the jars in a boiling-water canner at a rolling boil for 10 minutes (pints), ensuring water covers the jars by 1β2 inches. If at 1,001β6,000 ft, process 15 minutes; above 6,000 ft, process 20 minutes.
Turn off heat, let jars rest in the canner for 5 minutes, then remove to a towel-lined surface. Cool undisturbed 12β24 hours; check seals (lids should not flex). Label and store sealed jars in a cool, dark place; for best flavor and texture, let the pickles cure 1β2 weeks before opening. Refrigerate any unsealed jars and use within 1 month.