2 pounds beef chuck roast – cut into 1-inch cubes
2 teaspoons kosher salt
2 tablespoons neutral oil
3 cups beef broth
1 leaf bay leaf
1 tablespoon apple cider vinegar
1 tablespoon masa harina
corn tortillas – warmed (for serving)
white onion – finely chopped (for serving)
Instructions
Remove stems and seeds from the dried guajillo chiles, dried ancho chiles, and dried pasilla or New Mexico chiles; toast them in a dry skillet over medium heat until fragrant and pliable, 30–60 seconds per side, taking care not to burn.
Transfer toasted chiles to a bowl and cover with the water; weigh down with a small plate and soak until fully softened, about 20 minutes.
Drain the softened chiles (reserve the soaking liquid) and blend with the onion, garlic, ground cumin, and Mexican oregano, adding enough reserved soaking liquid to form a very smooth puree; strain through a fine-mesh sieve if desired.
Heat the neutral oil in a heavy pot over medium-high heat. Pat the beef chuck roast dry, season with the kosher salt, and brown in batches until well seared on two sides, 6–8 minutes total; transfer the browned pieces to a bowl.
Pour the chile puree into the pot and cook, stirring, until slightly darkened and thickened, 5–7 minutes. Return the browned pieces with any juices, add the beef broth and bay leaf, bring to a simmer, then cover and cook over low heat until the meat is fork-tender, 1 hour 30 minutes to 2 hours.
Stir in the apple cider vinegar. For a thicker stew, whisk the masa harina with 0.25 cup hot cooking liquid until smooth, stir it back into the pot, and simmer uncovered, stirring, until the sauce lightly coats a spoon, 5–10 minutes; adjust seasoning to taste.
Discard the bay leaf and serve hot with corn tortillas and white onion.